Gingivitis Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Gingivitis, including details on gum inflammation, plaque, treatment, oral hygiene.

Comparison of levels of inflammatory mediators IL-1beta and betaG in gingival crevicular fluid from molars, premolars, and incisors during rapid palatal expansion.

Tzannetou S, Efstratiadis S, Nicolay O, Grbic J, Lamster I

Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. sappho.tzannetou@gmx.net

INTRODUCTION: Previously, we reported fluctuation of the levels of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1beta (IotaL-1beta) and beta-glucuronidase (betaG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from the maxillary first molars in adolescents undergoing rapid palatal expansion. In this study, we compared the responses of IL-1beta and betaG in the GCF of the maxillary first molars, first premolars, and central incisors during palatal expansion at the same patients. METHODS: Nine patients requiring palatal expansion were selected at the postdoctoral orthodontic clinic at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine. Each patient received periodontal prophylaxis and instructions in proper home care including rinsing with chlorhexidine. Four weeks after periodontal prophylaxis, a modified hyrax appliance was placed. The jackscrew was activated twice daily until the appropriate expansion was achieved. GCF samples were collected before and after periodontal prophylaxis and during passive wearing of the appliance, active orthodontic treatment, and retention. Fluid samples were collected with filter paper strips and analyzed by ELISA and time-dependent fluorometry for IL-1beta and betaG, respectively. The values recorded after periodontal prophylaxis were used as the baseline. Paired t tests were used to compare mediator levels at baseline with the levels obtained at each subsequent observation. RESULTS: The results validate that IL-1beta and betaG are present in the GCF of adolescents, and, although their level decreases after a strict regimen of plaque control, it increases during orthodontic or orthopedic movement. Moreover, this study demonstrates that both heavy and light forces evoke increased levels of IL-1beta and betaG, stronger forces cause higher levels of inflammatory mediators, and both IL-1beta and betaG respond to direct and indirect application of mechanical force to teeth. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation corroborates previous findings that an inflammatory process occurs during application of mechanical force to teeth. Although this inflammation is considered relatively aseptic, additional inflammation, such as that induced by plaque accumulation, must be avoided during orthodontic or orthopedic treatment.

Published 5 May 2008 in Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 133(5): 699-707.
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Articles on Gingivitis published 1 May 2008:

Crevicular fluid endothelin-1 levels in periodontal health and disease.   J Periodontal Res, 43(3): 275-8.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Endothelin-1 is a 21-amino-acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. Initial research indicated that endothelin-1 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis were higher than those in the gingival crevicular fluid from healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the clinical parameters and the concentrations of endothelin-1 within the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed gingiva and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 24 April 2008:

Interleukin-11, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-12 and the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.   J Clin Periodontol, 35(5): 365-70.

OBJECTIVES: The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be crucial for determining the immunopathology of gingivitis (G) and periodontitis. This study aimed to analyse interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-11 and IL-12 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with G and chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourty subjects including 12 CP, 14 G and 14 controls (C) were enrolled. GCF samples were collected from six maxillary sites per patient and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 16 April 2008:

Gingival inflammation assessment by image analysis: measurement and validation.   Int J Dent Hyg, 6(2): 137-42.

AIM: Gingival inflammation may be caused by injury or plaque-related diseases and reduction in inflammation can be a useful indicator of gingival recovery. There has been little research on development of non-index methods to measure gingival condition. The aims of the study were to investigate the reliability of the measurement of changes in gingival redness and swelling, using image analysis, and to compare this approach with an established method for assessing gingival overgrowth [J Clin ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 18 February 2008:

Silk and polyglycolic acid in oral surgery: a comparative study.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 105(3): e15-8.

The inflammatory reaction caused by 2 different suture materials, black silk and polyglycolic acid, was evaluated 8 days after application and permanence in the oral environment. A randomized sample of 55 patients, aged 9 to 76, who had undergone oral urgery was examined. The suture materials (30 black silk and 25 polyglycolic acid), soon after removal, were placed in sterile containers and transferred to the laboratory. A bacterial count was carried out and the sutures were observed under ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 13 February 2008:

A randomized, single-blind, parallel-group clinical study to evaluate the effect of soluble beta-1,3/1,6-glucan on experimental gingivitis in man.   J Clin Periodontol, 35(3): 236-41.

BACKGROUND: Gingivitis is an inflammatory disorder of the periodontium induced by dental plaque bacteria. Soluble beta-1,3/1,6-glucan (SBG) is known to enhance infection defense by preventing excessive inflammatory responses caused by bacterial endotoxins. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SBG on experimental gingivitis in man. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental gingivitis was induced over a period of 24 days in 30 healthy volunteers who were simultaneously ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 5 February 2008:

Meta-analysis on the effectiveness of powered toothbrushes for orthodontic patients.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 133(2): 187.e1-14.

INTRODUCTION: Although powered toothbrushes have been recommended for gingivitis prevention in orthodontic patients, a relevant meta-analysis has been lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of powered and manual toothbrushes in reducing gingival inflammation in patients having fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. METHODS: Citations of potentially relevant trials published in journals, dissertations, and conference proceedings were located by searching the ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 24 January 2008:

Antibacterials as anti-inflammatory agents: dual action agents for oral health.   Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 93(3): 227-39.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory processes with a range of specialized cells and biochemical mediators form a complex network of inter-related signal transducing pathways that relay information to preserve normal functions. Advances in molecular analyses of the information relay pathways for their constituents and principal ligands along with mechanisms utilized by the host for microbial recognition have stimulated interest in therapeutic agents with dual functionalities i.e. antibacterial and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Gingivitis published 24 October 2007:

Relationship between the presence of periodontopathic bacteria and the expression of chemokine receptor mRNA in inflamed gingival tissues.   J Periodontal Res, 42(6): 566-71.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periodontal disease is a chronic disease characterized by the interaction between periodontopathic bacteria and the host immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between periodontopathic bacteria and host immune cell infiltrates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. Gingival tissues were taken at the periodontal surgery after completion of initial therapy. Three types of ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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